“Patria” è il titolo dell’ultimo film di Felice Farina, il regista di intelligenti ironie sia sul matrimonio – “Sposi” (1988) – sia su certa realtà di notevole piccolezza umana com’è quella condominiale – “Condominio” (1990) -, fino al recente e impegnativo “La fisica dell’acqua” (2009). Interpretato da Francesco Pannofino, Roberto Citran (ricorderete la ‘Coppa Volpi’ di miglior attore al Festival di Venezia del 1994 per “Il Toro”, del compianto Carlo Mazzacurati) e Carlo Giuseppe Gabardini, “Patria” è ispirato all’omonimo libro di Enrico Deaglio, edito da Il Saggiatore, ed esce nelle sale italiane giovedì 26 febbraio. Il libro di Deaglio è stato rivisitato dando luogo ad un soggetto steso da Beba Slijepcevich e Felice Farina, per poi essere sviluppato in sceneggiature da Beba Slijepcevich, Felice Farina, Luca D’Ascanio e Dino Giarrusso. Dopo aver assistito alla proiezione e conferenza stampa, in questi giorni a Roma, possiamo dire che meritano una menzione la fotografia di Roberto Cimatti ed il montaggio di Esmeralda Calabria. Proviamo a sintetizzare la storia di un film piuttosto impegnativo, liberamente tratto da un libro ancor più complesso. Una fabbrica chiude e licenzia, ed è l’ennesima nel torinese. Addio posti di lavoro, addio identità, addio certezze. Salvatore “Salvo” Brogna (Francesco Pannofino), operaio, si arrampica sulla torre della fabbrica, per protesta o forse solo per rabbia cieca, minacciando di buttarsi giù. Giorgio (Roberto Citran), operaio rappresentante sindacale, di carattere e fede politica del tutto opposti, arriva per salvarlo dalla caduta. Il terzo, Luca (Carlo Giuseppe Gabardini), ipovedente e autistico, custode assunto in quota ‘categorie protette’, si aggiunge scalando eroicamente la torre per far loro compagnia. Nell’arco di una notte, abbandonati da tutti, nella disperata attesa che arrivi qualche giornalista, questi tre punti di vista così diversi sul mondo ripercorrono gli ultimi trent’anni della vita del Paese, gli anni che li hanno portati su quella torre pericolosa. Anni di occasioni sprecate, di speranze tradite, di crimini e stragi, di ribaltoni e giochi di potere. Li rivediamo anche noi questi anni attraverso il montaggio del materiale d’archivio e, come contraltare di questa danza perversa degli eventi, quasi a rimarcarne l’assurdità, rimane il semplice buon senso di tre uomini senza alcun potere, appesi in cima ad una torre, che aspettano qualcuno, chiunque, mentre senza accorgersene costruiscono un’amicizia. Felice Farina, a noi della stampa, dichiara: “Il libro da cui è nata l’idea del film l’ho comprato appena uscito, citato in una serata di discussioni sull’anomalia politica berlusconiana. Le perplessità si stavano facendo universali, così come la sensazione di un cambiamento ormai irrimediabile; molti riflettevano su cosa fosse successo. Il bisogno di raccontare in qualche modo il Paese si è condensato d’istinto nelle emozioni della lettura, nel racconto di trent’anni di turbinosi cambiamenti che cercano di rispondere alla domanda che i due protagonisti si pongono all’inizio del film: ‘come siamo finiti così?‘. Un arco di tempo così denso di fatti importanti non si può raccontare nel tempo di un film: questo era l’ostacolo da superare. Ho tradito le forme del documentario con un esperimento, inseguendo la memoria di un film amato, che è ‘Hiroshima mon amour‘ di Resnais: quel modo di legare i frammenti di repertorio allo svolgersi di un racconto presente, quel fonderli in una sola cosa sincronizzando le emozioni della Storia a quelle dell’azione scenica. Il risultato è indefinito, come indefinito è l’oceano di ombre e luci della memoria. Durante il montaggio abbiamo scelto di affidarci sempre più a questo movimento, evitando di attribuire ai personaggi ricordi o evocazioni, e ricercando invece le emozioni possibili perché fossero queste ultime a rivelare il racconto”. Invece, Enrico Deaglio ci dice: “Io mi sento onorato da questo film, in particolare perché sono l’autore del libro da cui è tratto. Lo scrissi in un anno, chiuso in casa con milioni di sigarette, e il conforto di Andrea Gentile a scrivere le note, a trovare le fonti, a dare gli spunti essenziali. Il titolo era imponente e provocatorio – Patria – e aveva l’ambizione di parlare di quello che era successo all’Italia negli ultimi trent’anni. Il testo era una collezione di notizie, fatti, discorsi, statistiche, con la trovata di metterli tutti al tempo presente, come si fa nei film. L’Italia – la patria, il paese più bello del mondo, oppure ‘sto cavolo di posto in cui viviamo e che non cambierà mai, a seconda degli stati d’animo – è stata tutto e il contrario di tutto e nel libro come nel film c’è tutto, anche un po’ l’eco delle parole di Primo Levi: ‘racconteremo ma non saremo creduti‘. Io non avevo la più pallida idea però di come tutto questo potesse diventare un film, ma Felice Farina ha fatto uno splendido lavoro sulla disperazione italiana; ha fatto un film popolare italiano, come non se ne facevano più da parecchio tempo. Altro grande pregio: l’ha fatto con pochi soldi. Mi piace molto la sceneggiatura, i dialoghi, le facce degli attori. Mi piace che la sceneggiatura sia stata scritta da una giovane donna serba. Il montaggio di Esmeralda Calabria è strepitoso, perché ha rotto la barriera tra fiction e repertorio. Il film è il sogno della nostra storia, visto dall’alto. Comunica vertigini. Per fortuna i nostri tre compagni di strada, di vita, di stabilimento, alla fine non muoiono”. In conclusione, un film da vedere, per riflettere. Ma non è un film politico, così come a molti farebbe comodo pensare (per parlarne bene o male, a seconda dei punti di vista); piuttosto, sarebbe più corretto parlare di film sociale. Poi, certamente, all’interno del ‘sociale’ convivono il ‘politico’, il mondo del lavoro, come siamo oggi e come e perché siamo diventati quel che siamo. Un cinema sociale che da tempo non si vedeva sui nostri schermi, sovraccarichi di commediole nazionali e di sciocchi blockbuster internazionali.
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You read articles on vegetarian food on a social media platform and then use the cooking app of an unrelated company. The profile built about you on the social media platform will be used to present you vegetarian recipes on the welcome screen of the cooking app.
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You have clicked on an advertisement about a “black Friday” discount by an online shop on the website of a publisher and purchased a product. Your click will be linked to this purchase. Your interaction and that of other users will be measured to know how many clicks on the ad led to a purchase.
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You have read a blog post about hiking on a mobile app of a publisher and followed a link to a recommended and related post. Your interactions will be recorded as showing that the initial hiking post was useful to you and that it was successful in interesting you in the related post. This will be measured to know whether to produce more posts on hiking in the future and where to place them on the home screen of the mobile app.
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The owner of an online bookstore wants commercial reporting showing the proportion of visitors who consulted and left its site without buying, or consulted and bought the last celebrity autobiography of the month, as well as the average age and the male/female distribution of each category. Data relating to your navigation on its site and to your personal characteristics is then used and combined with other such data to produce these statistics.
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A technology platform working with a social media provider notices a growth in mobile app users, and sees based on their profiles that many of them are connecting through mobile connections. It uses a new technology to deliver ads that are formatted for mobile devices and that are low-bandwidth, to improve their performance.
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Content presented to you on this service can be based on limited data, such as the website or app you are using, your non-precise location, your device type, or which content you are (or have been) interacting with (for example, to limit the number of times a video or an article is presented to you).
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A travel magazine has published an article on its website about the new online courses proposed by a language school, to improve travelling experiences abroad. The school’s blog posts are inserted directly at the bottom of the page, and selected on the basis of your non-precise location (for instance, blog posts explaining the course curriculum for different languages than the language of the country you are situated in).
A sports news mobile app has started a new section of articles covering the most recent football games. Each article includes videos hosted by a separate streaming platform showcasing the highlights of each match. If you fast-forward a video, this information may be used to select a shorter video to play next.
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An advertising intermediary delivers ads from various advertisers to its network of partnering websites. It notices a large increase in clicks on ads relating to one advertiser, and uses data regarding the source of the clicks to determine that 80% of the clicks come from bots rather than humans.
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Clicking on a link in an article might normally send you to another page or part of the article. To achieve this, 1°) your browser sends a request to a server linked to the website, 2°) the server answers back (“here is the article you asked for”), using technical information automatically included in the request sent by your device, to properly display the information / images that are part of the article you asked for. Technically, such exchange of information is necessary to deliver the content that appears on your screen.
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When you visit a website and are offered a choice between consenting to the use of profiles for personalised advertising or not consenting, the choice you make is saved and made available to advertising providers, so that advertising presented to you respects that choice.
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Information about your activity on this service may be matched and combined with other information relating to you and originating from various sources (for instance your activity on a separate online service, your use of a loyalty card in-store, or your answers to a survey), in support of the purposes explained in this notice.
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In support of the purposes explained in this notice, your device might be considered as likely linked to other devices that belong to you or your household (for instance because you are logged in to the same service on both your phone and your computer, or because you may use the same Internet connection on both devices).
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Your device might be distinguished from other devices based on information it automatically sends when accessing the Internet (for instance, the IP address of your Internet connection or the type of browser you are using) in support of the purposes exposed in this notice.
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With your acceptance, certain characteristics specific to your device might be requested and used to distinguish it from other devices (such as the installed fonts or plugins, the resolution of your screen) in support of the purposes explained in this notice.