Il Museo Civico Archeologico presenta il nuovo allestimento di una delle sale più affascinanti e importanti per conoscere la storia dell’antica Bologna etrusca.
Veduta del nuovo allestimento del Ripostiglio di San Francesco al Museo Civico Archeologico di Bologna. Foto Giorgio Bianchi – Comune di Bologna
BOLOGNA – Il Museo Civico Archeologico del Settore Musei Civici Bologna è lieto di annunciare la conclusione dei lavori per il nuovo allestimento del Ripostiglio di San Francesco nella Sala Xb, una delle sale della Sezione etrusca più amate dal pubblico e di straordinaria rilevanza scientifica per conoscere le dinamiche economiche e sociali dell’antica Bologna etrusca.
La scoperta del Ripostiglio di San Francesco, il più importante deposito dell’Età del Ferro in Italia, si inquadra nel contesto delle vaste esplorazioni archeologiche relative alle antichità etrusche che Antonio Zannoni (Faenza, 1833 – Bologna, 1910) condusse nella sua veste di Ingegnere Capo del Comune di Bologna durante gli ultimi decenni dell’Ottocento, dall’abitato etrusco rilevato nell’attuale centro storico della città alle necropoli sempre ascrivibili alla fase etrusca della città, tra le quali spicca il sepolcreto della Certosa. Figura straordinaria di studioso poliedrico al servizio delle istituzioni cittadine, Zannoni adottò un sistema di indagine innovativo, mutuato dalla geologia, che fece di lui uno dei primi studiosi ad applicare una scrupolosa registrazione dei reperti e un’accurata documentazione dei contesti di rinvenimento.
Nei pressi dell’attuale Basilica di San Francesco a Bologna, il 17 gennaio 1877 egli rinvenne un massiccio vaso di terracotta (dolio) contenente 14.841 oggetti metallici, tra interi e frammentari, sia di produzione locale che di altre provenienze, per un peso complessivo di oltre 14 quintali. La cronologia dei materiali va dalla fine dell’Età del Bronzo agli inizi del VII secolo a.C., data in cui avvenne la deposizione del grande vaso e l’accurata sistemazione del suo contenuto.
Oltre al numero, eccezionale risulta la varietà dei pezzi presenti, tra i quali figurano quasi tutte le categorie di manufatti in uso nella Prima Età del Ferro: armi, oggetti di ornamento e di prestigio, utensili e attrezzi si affiancano a frammenti di vasellame, lamine ritagliate, verghette, pani metallici di varie dimensioni, scarti di fusione e scorie. Numerosi in particolare gli strumenti da lavoro, raramente deposti nei corredi funerari bolognesi e dunque preziosi per ricostruire le principali attività artigianali e di sussistenza della comunità villanoviana. Diversi oggetti (circa 150) sono contrassegnati da sigle o segni alfabetici, forse usati per il conteggio dei lotti di materiale.
La particolare e complessa documentazione del Ripostiglio di San Francesco testimonia l’importanza industriale, tra la fine dell’VIII e l’inizio del VII secolo a.C., della Bologna etrusca, un centro ricco e socialmente complesso, caratterizzato da una precisa divisione del lavoro e da una elevata specializzazione artigianale.
Zannoni e la maggior parte degli studiosi hanno interpretato il rinvenimento come riserva di metallo pertinente a una fonderia, occultata agli inizi del VII secolo a.C., per la presenza di oggetti semilavorati e rotti destinati alla rifusione, pani di metallo, cenere e tracce di ossido di bronzo. Accanto a questa, negli ultimi anni è stata proposta una diversa lettura che vede nel Ripostiglio di San Francesco una sorta di tesoro pubblico, forse deposto ritualmente in un’occasione speciale.
Nel primo allestimento del Museo Civico, inaugurato a Palazzo Galvani nel 1881, i materiali del Ripostiglio furono esposti integralmente nella Sala XI. Fu solo all’inizio degli anni Settanta del Novecento che l’intero complesso fu trasferito nella più piccola Sala Xb.
Per agevolare la comprensione e la fruizione delle migliaia di oggetti che compongono questo eccezionale complesso, ad ottobre 2020, il Museo Civico Archeologico ha avviato un intervento di riqualificazione che ha interessato la revisione dell’impianto illuminotecnico ed espositivo, realizzato anche grazie al contributo della Regione Emilia-Romagna, nell’ambito dei Piani 2019-2021 dell’ex IBC ora Settore Patrimonio culturale, della Fondazione Luigi Rovati di Milano e della Fondazione del Monte di Bologna e Ravenna.
In particolare, il contributo della Regione Emilia-Romagna ha avuto per oggetto la sistemazione e l’illuminazione delle vetrine di fine ‘800-inizio ‘900 della sala Xb che, in linea con la tradizione del museo, sono state preservate; la Fondazione Luigi Rovati ha sostenuto le spese relative alla realizzazione di un prodotto multimediale (filmato in grafica animata) per la mediazione al pubblico del contesto del Ripostiglio di San Francesco, mentre la Fondazione del Monte di Bologna e Ravenna ha finanziato la realizzazione degli apparati scientifico-informativi (in italiano e in inglese) a supporto del nuovo allestimento.
Va ricordato come negli ultimi anni il Ripostiglio di San Francesco sia stato al centro di importanti attività di studio e valorizzazione del ricchissimo patrimonio culturale relativo alla civiltà etrusca che il Museo Civico Archeologico di Bologna conserva, in quanto
testimonianza di come, al volgere dell’VIII sec. a.C. Felsina fosse un centro ormai ampiamente strutturato e organizzato, basato su una florida economia. L’enorme quantità di metallo depositato al suo interno denota la rilevanza dell’attività metallurgica bolognese e
delle attività di scambio a largo raggio ad essa connesse nonché la precocità della Bologna etrusca nell’acquisizione della scrittura, il cui uso è in questo contesto documentato per la prima volta.
Grazie ad una convenzione sottoscritta nel 2022, il Museo Civico Archeologico ha inoltre concesso in deposito temporaneo per la durata di cinque anni presso il Museo d’Arte della Fondazione Luigi Rovati, aperto al pubblico il 7 settembre 2022 a Milano, una campionatura di alcune centinaia di oggetti in bronzo del Ripostiglio, con la doppia finalità di integrare un aspetto poco testimoniato nelle collezioni di detto Museo e di offrire un esempio della ricerca archeologica della seconda metà dell’800 e della relativa musealizzazione.
In occasione della presentazione del nuovo allestimento, dall’11 febbraio al 6 aprile 2024 il Museo Civico Archeologico di Bologna promuove “Il dolio delle meraviglie”, un ciclo di cinque appuntamenti con conferenze, visite guidate e laboratori per bambine e bambini.
Domenica 11 febbraio 2024 ore 17.00 | Sala Xb
Un nuovo allestimento per il Ripostiglio di San Francesco
Visita guidata con Laura Bentini (Museo Civico Archeologico di Bologna)
Attività gratuita (30 partecipanti) con biglietto museo
Sabato 24 febbraio 2024 ore 17.00 | Sala Conferenze
Accumulare ricchezza: i “ripostigli” di bronzi nella protostoria
Conferenza di Franco Marzatico (Soprintendenza per i Beni Culturali della Provincia autonoma di Trento)
Ingresso libero fino a esaurimento posti disponibili
Sabato 16 marzo 2024 ore 17.00 | Sala Conferenze
La straordinaria scoperta del Ripostiglio di San Francesco: il più importante deposito dell’Età del Ferro italiana
Conferenza di Laura Bentini (Museo Civico Archeologico di Bologna)
Ingresso libero fino a esaurimento posti disponibili
Domenica 24 marzo 2024 ore 15.00 | Sala Xb
Nell’officina di AIE, fonditore di metalli nella Bologna etrusca
Laboratorio con visita per bambine e bambini 8-11 anni con Laura Bentini (Museo Civico Archeologico di Bologna)
Attività gratuita con prenotazione obbligatoria a partire dal lunedì precedente l’iniziativa ed entro il venerdì (lunedì – venerdì ore 10.00 – 12.00) tel. 051 2757208 (20 partecipanti)
Sabato 6 aprile 2024 ore 17.00 | Sala Conferenze
La lingua etrusca a Bologna: nessun mistero e molta storia
Conferenza di Giuseppe Sassatelli (Università di Bologna)
Ingresso libero fino a esaurimento posti disponibili
Crediti progetto
Settore Musei Civici Bologna Museo Civico Archeologico
Paola Giovetti direttrice
Laura Bentini curatrice del progetto scientifico di riallestimento con la collaborazione di Anna Dore e Marinella Marchesi
Elena Maria Canè realizzazione disegni ricostruttivi, allestimento e manutenzione reperti
Angelo Febbraro allestimento e manutenzione reperti
Luca Andreini allestimento e elaborazione grafica
Augusto Arrigo allestimento
Federica Guidi comunicazione
AirPixel
realizzazione filmato in grafica animata e grafica lightbox
Quadricroma
progettazione ed elaborazione didascalie e apparato grafico
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